The Landscape of Sabucedo

A Unique Ecosystem

The environment of Sabucedo is characterized by a mosaic of low-lying scrubland, native forests, and meadows. This diversity is the perfect habitat for the “bestas” and a multitude of other species. The traditional management of the mountain, carried out by the locals, has allowed this balance to be preserved for centuries.

Montouto

The “bestas” are present in an area of approximately 3,000 hectares of forest known as Monte Montouto, belonging to the municipalities of A Estrada, Cerdedo-Cotobade, Campolameiro, and Cuntis.

«Toxeiras» and «Matogueiras»

Despite the derogatory labels they receive, from an environmental point of view, the scrublands and “toxeiras” (heathlands) are one of the richest habitats in terms of fauna and flora. They provide an important source of nitrogen for the soil and serve as food for livestock and shelter for wildlife. Although economically unproductive, this ecosystem is very valuable for biodiversity.

The Role of the Bestas

In addition, the continued traditional use of these animals promotes the conservation of the habitat and the preservation of an endemic horse population. These horses are a fundamental part of the Galician highland ecosystems, helping to control biomass by feeding on gorse and herbs, which makes them a key ally in the prevention of forest fires.

The Mountain in Tradition

The mountain is not only the home of the horses; it is a fundamental part of Sabucedo’s identity.

The “Baixa” is the term used in Sabucedo for the gathering of the “bestas” that live freely on Monte Montouto throughout the year, to be led to the parish where they will remain for three days.

This act is the culmination of a year-long relationship, in which the locals care for and watch over the territory, protecting it from fires and ensuring the well-being of the herd.